Designer and Writer
Published In: Mental Health | May 01 2024
Related Resources
For far too long, addiction has been shrouded in misunderstanding. Popular culture often portrays it as a fault in character or lack of willpower that leads individuals down a dark and self-destructive path. However, the reality is far more complex.
Addiction is a chronic mental health disorder characterized by compulsive behavior despite negative consequences. Mental health conditions like addiction fundamentally alter the way the brain functions, impacting a person’s ability to control their thoughts, emotions, and actions.
Understanding addiction health within the context of mental health is crucial for several reasons. It removes the stigma that often surrounds addiction and allows us to approach the condition with compassion and empathy. It allows us to develop more effective patient-centered treatment plans that address the underlying causes rather than simply focusing on stopping the behavior.
The more you learn about addiction treatment, the more understand that there is much more to it than what meets the eye. In this piece, we’ll cover some mental health and addiction basics along with treatment and ways to find support in recovery.
The American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) defines addiction as a “chronic medical disease” involving the brain’s reward, motivational, and memory-related circuitry. The disease is further affected by a person’s genetic makeup, environment, and life experiences.
Indiana University describes addiction as a “complex chronic disease” that affects both the brain and the body. They further explain that addiction leads to the unhealthy pursuit of substances or behaviors that trigger the brain’s reward circuitry.
Moreover, the National Institute of Health (NIH) describes the prevalence of dual diagnosis, stating that “co-occurring substance use disorders and psychiatric disorders are frequently found in clinical practice.” These co-occurring disorders are found to display similar alterations in the neurotransmitter systems.
These definitions and descriptions highlight several key points for understanding mental health and addiction recovery.
Addiction is not a lifestyle choice or a moral failing. Just as diabetes or cancer impacts the body, addiction is a disease that affects the brain.
Like other chronic diseases, addiction is a long-term condition that requires ongoing management and treatment.
Addiction hijacks the release of dopamine in the brain’s reward system. This changes brain chemistry over time, making it difficult to resist cravings even when it’s harmful.
Addiction also impacts decision-making ability, impulse control, and memory, making it difficult to properly process experiences and emotions.
Some people may be more susceptible to their environment, but a combination of biological and psychological factors can also contribute to its development:
Studies indicate that genetics play a role in addiction risk. Children of parents with addiction are more likely to develop the disorder themselves. Addiction is also affected by experiences during brain development in adolescence and young adulthood. This vulnerability can increase the risk of addiction if exposed to substances or certain behaviors during this critical period.
Experiencing traumatic events like abuse or neglect can increase the risk of addiction. Some people may use substances as a way to cope with difficult emotions and memories, even chronic stress can trigger the need for self-medication.
Co-occurring mental health disorders like anxiety, PTSD, or ADHD can increase the risk of drug abuse and addiction. Individuals turn to substance abuse, trying to remedy various symptoms like depression, panic attacks, and even mania. Whatever mental disorder you struggle with, substances will only make it worse in the long run.
Growing up in a household with addiction present can normalize substance use and increase risk. You may end up surrounded by friends or peers who use substances and pressure you to conform and experiment.
Poverty, unemployment, and lack of opportunities can lead to feelings of hopelessness and despair, increasing the risk of turning to substances for escape. Living in an area with a high availability of drugs or alcohol can make it easier to fall into addiction.
Substance use disorder is a listed disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Mental health professionals use the DSM-5 to diagnose addiction according to the criteria outlined in the manual.
It’s important to note that not everyone who uses substances or engages in certain behaviors will meet all of these criteria. Addiction can exist on a spectrum, with varying degrees of severity. These criteria include:
Difficulty controlling the amount or frequency of substance use or engagement in the addictive behavior.
Continued use despite negative consequences in work, relationships, or health.
Needing to use more and more of the substance to experience the same effect.
Experiencing physical or psychological discomfort when trying to stop using the substance.
A significant amount of time and energy spent focused on obtaining, using, or recovering from the substance or behavior.
Important social or occupational activities are given up or reduced due to substance use.
Fortunately, addiction is a treatable condition. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, and the most effective treatment plans are tailored to the individual’s specific needs and circumstances. Here’s an overview of some common treatment modalities:
The road to recovery from addiction is rarely linear, and many challenges come up along the way. Relapse is a common occurrence in addiction recovery, but it doesn’t mean treatment has failed. Rather highlights the chronic nature of the disease.
Unfortunately, stigma and discrimination surrounding addiction can be a major obstacle to seeking and staying in treatment. Many people with addiction also struggle with co-occurring mental health disorders.
Treatment plans need to address both co-occurring disorders for optimal recovery, but access to these resources remains a significant issue. People often have limited access to affordable, quality treatment programs, especially in less urban environments.
Despite these challenges, recovery is possible with the right support system and resources. Surrounding yourself with supportive loved ones, therapists, and members of support groups can provide encouragement, accountability, and a sense of community.
Investing in relapse prevention education can also be a huge help. Identifying your triggers and developing strategies to cope with them can help anticipate and avoid situations that could lead to relapse. Learning healthy ways to manage stress, difficult emotions, and cravings is essential for long-term recovery.
Most of all, prioritizing self-care practices like healthy eating, getting enough sleep, and investing in activities you enjoy is crucial for overall well-being and maintaining recovery efforts. This might include exercise, mindfulness practices, or creative outlets.
By recognizing addiction as a mental health disorder, we can dismantle stereotypes and foster a more compassionate and informed society. Increased education and awareness about addiction and investing in accessible and effective treatment programs are all vital steps in helping people reclaim their lives and achieve lasting recovery.
Remember, addiction doesn’t define a person. With support and the right tools, millions battling addiction can find hope and a brighter future. If you or a loved one is struggling with addiction, don’t hesitate to reach out to Psyclarity Health.
Our team of professionals is dedicated to providing comprehensive and personalized care to help you navigate your journey to recovery. Contact us today to learn more about our treatment options and how we can support you through this process.